La osteoporosis es una afección que produce una disminución y debilitamiento en los huesos y que se vuelvan quebradizos, en tal medida que una caída o incluso una leve tensión, como agacharse o toser, pueden causar una fractura.
Las fracturas asociadas con la osteoporosis ocurren con más frecuencia en la cadera, la muñeca o la columna vertebral.
Síntomas
Por lo general, las etapas iniciales de la disminución del volumen de los huesos no presentan síntomas. Pero una vez que la osteoporosis debilita tus huesos, podrías tener signos y síntomas que incluyen los siguientes:
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Dolor de espalda, provocado por una vértebra fracturada o aplastada
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Pérdida de estatura con el tiempo
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Una postura encorvada
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Un hueso que se rompe mucho más fácilmente de lo esperado
Factores de riesgo
Algunos factores pueden aumentar la probabilidad de que desarrolles osteoporosis, muchos de estos riesgos están fuera de tu control, incluidos los siguientes:
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Sexo. Las mujeres son mucho más propensas a desarrollar osteoporosis que los hombres.
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La edad. Cuanto mayor sea tu edad, mayor será el riesgo de osteoporosis.
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Raza. Tienes mayor riesgo de padecer osteoporosis si eres blanco o de ascendencia asiática.
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Antecedentes familiares. Tener un padre, madre o hermano con osteoporosis te pone en mayor riesgo.
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Tamaño del cuerpo. Los hombres y las mujeres que tienen estructuras corporales pequeñas tienden a correr un riesgo más alto debido a que podrían tener menos masa ósea para utilizar a medida que envejecen.
¿Cuándo debes consultar con un médico?
Es conveniente que hables con el médico sobre la osteoporosis si tuviste una menopausia temprana o si tomaste cortico esteroides durante varios meses seguidos, o si cualquiera de tus padres sufrió una fractura de cadera.
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